life_hacks:battery_tips
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| life_hacks:battery_tips [2025/09/26 18:49] – [Or: the magic and curse of batteries] admin | life_hacks:battery_tips [2025/11/20 23:03] (current) – [IEC LiPo size convention] admin | ||
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| TL;DR (simplified): | TL;DR (simplified): | ||
| - | ===== Or: the magic and curse of batteries ===== | ||
| - | The magic of batteries is to only use them where really necessary. Always make your batteries easily replaceable w/o tools! (Even Galaxy S5 phone could exchange battery and is water proof - there is no excuse)\\ | + | ===== No batteries: the magic and curse ===== |
| - | Batteries will fail sooner or later. Don't be a crummy and make people throw away your product - think about the environment. Make your product to set battery/ | + | |
| + | The magic of batteries is to only use them where really necessary | ||
| + | Batteries will fail sooner or later. Don't be a crummy and make people throw away your product - think about the environment. Make your product to set battery/ | ||
| + | The magic of your product should be that it uses a standard connector ([[projects: | ||
| This is a short and comprehensive summary of things good to know about batteries and charging. \\ | This is a short and comprehensive summary of things good to know about batteries and charging. \\ | ||
| + | Fun fact: In German, a rechargeable battery is typically called " | ||
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| + | Also interesting: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Tests & Reviews ====== | ||
| - | Fun fact: In German, a rechargeable battery is typically called " | + | [[https:// |
| + | [[https:// | ||
| ===== Disposal ===== | ===== Disposal ===== | ||
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| __How lithium works__: Lithium ions shuttle between the cathode and graphite anode during charge and discharge, storing and releasing energy. \\ | __How lithium works__: Lithium ions shuttle between the cathode and graphite anode during charge and discharge, storing and releasing energy. \\ | ||
| - | **Nominal | + | **Voltage is 4.2 V per cell when fully charged. \\ |
| + | Nominal Voltage per cell is 3.6V for Li-ion (cylindrical / LiCoO₂) and nominal 3.7V for Li-Po (pouch cells). ** \\ | ||
| + | ==== IEC LiPo size convention ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | According to **IEC** LiPo sizing convention e.g. a 404343 battery is 4.0x43x43 (Height x Width x Length in mm). \\ | ||
| ==== Charging ==== | ==== Charging ==== | ||
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| Empty storing (aka forgetting the battery): Do not store lithium batteries empty. They die if voltage drops below 3.0V. Safe minimum under normal use is 3.3 V. Everything below 2.5V per cell is a danger zone (don’t attempt revival)! Do not attempt to trickle charge them for revival. \\ | Empty storing (aka forgetting the battery): Do not store lithium batteries empty. They die if voltage drops below 3.0V. Safe minimum under normal use is 3.3 V. Everything below 2.5V per cell is a danger zone (don’t attempt revival)! Do not attempt to trickle charge them for revival. \\ | ||
| When voltage drops too low, copper from the anode can dissolve into the electrolyte. On recharge, this copper can plate back onto the cathode as tiny dendrites, which may pierce the separator and cause internal shorts — leading to swelling, overheating, | When voltage drops too low, copper from the anode can dissolve into the electrolyte. On recharge, this copper can plate back onto the cathode as tiny dendrites, which may pierce the separator and cause internal shorts — leading to swelling, overheating, | ||
| + | |||
| ==== BMS salvage and re-cell ==== | ==== BMS salvage and re-cell ==== | ||
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| * **DRM**: authenticate as original battery (some systems refuse to work with 3rd party batteries) - this is why you need to keep the BMS board! | * **DRM**: authenticate as original battery (some systems refuse to work with 3rd party batteries) - this is why you need to keep the BMS board! | ||
| - | Due to the protection feature it can be that you measure 0V on an empty battery - the cell itself can still have a charge. This does not necessarily mean that the cell is dead, it still can have ~3V and be safely rechargeable. | + | Due to the protection feature it can be that you measure 0V on an empty battery - the cell itself can still have a charge. This does not necessarily mean that the cell is dead, it still can have ~3V and be safely rechargeable. |
| + | |||
| + | ==== Multi Cell batteries ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Cells in Series → voltages add, capacity stays the same. \\ | ||
| + | Cells in Parallel → capacity adds, voltage stays the same. \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ^ Connection | ||
| + | | Series (S) | Yes | Yes | Devices needing higher voltage | ||
| + | | Parallel (P) | Usually no (should be similar voltage) | ||
| + | | Series+Parallel (S×P) | Yes, for series groups | ||
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| + | |||
| + | ' | ||
| + | Be aware that multi-cells need to be supported and configured properly with the BMS and charger! \\ | ||
| ==== Li-Ion/ | ==== Li-Ion/ | ||
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| *Beware that only IP5306-I2C has I²C-bus (there is a plain IP5306 version too)! You can repurpose CD42 boards though. There is a [[https:// | *Beware that only IP5306-I2C has I²C-bus (there is a plain IP5306 version too)! You can repurpose CD42 boards though. There is a [[https:// | ||
| - | IMO: For advanced products, see BQ-series of Texas Instruments: | + | IMO: For advanced products |
| + | |||
| + | For bi-directional boards, to use multiple cells for a power bank, see [[: | ||
| ===== Lithium-titanate batteries ===== | ===== Lithium-titanate batteries ===== | ||
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